|
Phytochemical composition and toxicity assessment of Ammi majus L.
Otman El-guourrami1, Najoua Salhi2, Fatima Zahra Benkhouili3, Gokhan Zengin4, Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz5, Mouna Ameggouz1, Ahmed Zahidi3, Lamiaa Rouas6, Abdelhakim Bouyahya7, Khang Wen Goh8, Toong Hai Sam9, Long Chiau Ming10, Anass Doukkali1, Hanane Benzeid1
1 Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
2 Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
3 Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus/Konya, Turkey
5 Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center; Dicle University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
6 Center Hospitalo-Universitaire Ibn Sina, Laboratory of Anatomopathology, Rabat, Morocco
7 Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
8 Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
9 Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
10 School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
Correspondence Address:
Abdelhakim Bouyahya
Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat
Morocco
Long Chiau Ming
School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500
Malaysia
Toong Hai Sam
Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai 71800
Malaysia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.374233
|
|
Objective: To assess the acute and subacute toxicity as well as the phytochemical composition of two extracts and three fractions of Ammi majus L.
Methods: The aqueous extracts were prepared separately by maceration for 48 h and by infusion for 1 h, while the fractions were prepared by the Soxhlet extractor, successively employing cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The acute toxicity study was carried out in accordance with the OECD N°423 guideline at a single dose (2000 mg/kg) in mice for 14 days. The subacute toxicity study was performed by a daily oral administration of 250 mg/kg for 10 days and 100 mg/kg doses for 28 days. Phytochemical screening was performed using staining and precipitation reactions, while the chemical characterization of some analytes was detected by HPLC-MS/MS analysis.
Results: In the acute toxicity study, no signs of toxicity such as convulsion, salivation, diarrhea, sleep and coma were observed during 30 minutes and 14 days, so the lethal dose was higher than 2000 mg/kg for each extract and fraction. The subacute toxicity results showed that at a dose of 250 mg/kg, 61.10% of the animals died and the rest developed morbidity. On the other hand, at a dose of 100 mg/kg, all the animals were still alive after 28 days, with no morbidity and the biochemical parameters were normal with no abnormalities in the liver, kidneys and pancreas. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and free quinones and the absence of alkaloids and anthocyanins.
Conclusions: The extracts and fractions of Ammi majus L. are not toxic in the short and long term with a varied chemical composition. Toxicological tests on animals other than rodents and in the long term (more than 28 days) are needed to further confirm the safety of Ammi majus extracts.
|
