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Natural sources, biosynthesis, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of shikimic acid and its derivatives
Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi1, Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos2, Poovathumkal James Antony3, Monalisa Martins Montalvão4, Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca4, Varghese Edwin Hillary1, Stanislaus Antony Ceasar5, Dan Liu6
1 Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamaserry, Kochi 683104, India
2 Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100.000, Sergipe, Brazil
3 Nepal Jesuit Society, Human Resource Development and Research Centre, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
4 Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju 49060.108, Sergipe, Brazil
5 Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamaserry, Kochi 683104, India
6 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
Correspondence Address:
Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamaserry, Kochi 683104
India
 Source of Support: This project received financial support from Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kochi, India, in the seed money category for minor faculty research projects, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.374230
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Shikimic acid is a hydroaromatic compound possessing critical biological properties, such as antibacterial and antiviral activity. This review mainly focused on shikimic acid and its derivatives. We first briefly introduced the sources of shikimic acid and its derivatives and discussed their biosynthesis. Several in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that shikimic acid and its derivatives exhibit diverse bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, bone protective, skin protective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. We mainly focused on the related molecular mechanisms. Overall, the wide range of bioactivities of shikimic acid and its derivatives indicate that a more detailed exploration of their potential for the prevention and treatment of certain diseases is warranted.
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