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Essential oil from Saussurea costus inhibits proliferation and migration of Eca109 cells via mitochondrial apoptosis and STAT3 signaling
Xia-Fen Hu1, Wan-Xin Liu1, Ren Zhang1, Wei Zhang1, Chao Wang1, Meng Chen2, Rong Shu2, Xin-Zhou Yang3, Qiang Wang1
1 Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
2 The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Zhongshan Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
3 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Minzu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Correspondence Address:
Qiang Wang
Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065
China
Rong Shu
The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Zhongshan Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
China
Xin-Zhou Yang
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Minzu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074
China
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.345517
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Objective: To investigate the effect and its underlying molecular mechanisms of essential oil from Saussurea costus in esophageal cancer cell line Eca109.
Methods: The chemical composition of essential oil from Saussurea costus was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, and apoptotic effects of essential oil from Saussurea costus against Eca109 cells were analyzed. Moreover, the expression of proteins associated with cell cycle, metastasis, and apoptosis was determined.
Results: GC-MS analysis showed that essential oil from Saussurea costus was predominantly comprised of sesquiterpenes. Saussurea costus essential oil inhibited the viability of Eca109 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of (24.29±1.49), (19.16±2.27) and (6.97±0.86) μg/mL at 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The expression levels of target proteins in the cell cycle (phase G1/S), including cyclin D1, p21, and p53, were affected by Saussurea costus essential oil. The essential oil also downregulated the expression of metastasis-related proteins MMP-9 and MMP-2. Moreover, it induced apoptosis of Eca109 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, as well as inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation.
Conclusions: The essential oil from Saussurea costus exhibited anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, and apoptotic effects on Eca109 cells, and could be further explored as a potential anti-esophageal cancer agent.
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